Showing posts with label Tutankhamun. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Tutankhamun. Show all posts

Wednesday, 4 November 2026

WHY LORD CARNARVON BEGAN DIGGING FOR TOMBS IN EGYPT

 

Lord Carnarvon

The Catalyst That Led To Lord Carnarvon 

First Digging for Tombs in Egypt

With the motor car accident in Germany re-dated  1909, that event could not have been the trigger that led to Lord Carnarvon taking up exploring in tombs in Egypt. By 1909 Carnarvon and Howard Carter were already digging at Thebes.

The truth of what started the Earl's interest in Egyptology  can be found after a holiday taken by him to the USA in 1903.

Extract below from the book  "Lies, Damned Lies and the Carnarvons" (2022) by William Cross, FSA Scot.

Jeremiah Lynch of San Francisco 

 The Man who Inspired Lord Carnarvon 

During a trip to the USA  in 1903  Lord Carnarvon and his wife  Almina were invited to a dinner  hosted by a maverick Irish-American ex-senator named Jeremiah ‘Jere’ Lynch[i] at his Bohemian Club in San Francisco where a gathering of local people joined the Earl’s party.[ii]

Lynch enjoyed a busy life as a former senator and gold prospector in the rush to the Klondike of 1898. He also travelled in Egypt, lived for a long spell in Cairo and had written a book, “Egyptian Sketches” [iii], all about these experiences. 


Egyptian Sketches by Jeremiah Lynch


Lynch  even owned a female mummy, a figure wrapped in a shroud that stood at the foot of the Club’s inner staircase.



Lord Carnarvon was excited listening to Lynch’s convoluted tales about Ancient Egypt.

Lynch was a long-standing lover of Egypt and its tombs. This ancient world much  intrigued Carnarvon. The  tantalising tales of Egyptian tombs and mummies in the rocks at Deir-el-Bahari were especially attractive to hear when Lynch proclaimed that comparatively few notable Egyptian mummies of the wealthier kind had ever been recovered. 

It was Jeremiah Lynch who stirred dramatically Lord Carnarvon’s interest towards focusing on Egypt as a haven for antiquities; a quest-cum-passion that would lead to triumph but also to his demise before he could reap any benefit from the many years of high expense, (met by Almina[iv]) and of sweat, toil and falls-outs with Howard Carter.


Interestingly, Lynch went on to remove additional mummies from Egypt following the loss of his Bohemian Grove mummy in a fire,[v] and enlisted Carnarvon’s help in getting permission to do so from Lord Kitchener.[vi]


Always a close friend of Almina and Lord Carnarvon, Lynch died in 1917; he has since been forgotten and is still overlooked in the Carnarvon-Tutankhamun tale. Professor Brian Fagan renewed Lynch’s candidacy for mention in the Tutankhamun Timeline in his book “Lord and Pharaoh: Carnarvon and the Search for Tutankhamun.” [vii]

Fagan is clear that this meeting " triggered a much more serious interest in Egyptology for Carnarvon".

Egyptologist Toby Wilkinson goes a little further in his “A World Beneath the Sands:Adventurers and Archaeologists in the Golden Age of Egyptology” (2020):

 “In January 1903, in San Francisco’s Bohemian Club, Carnarvon met a former US senator by the name of Jeremiah Lynch ..…Inspired by Lynch’s account, Carnarvon decided to make Egypt his winter home…”


EXTRACTED FROM 

" LIES, DAMNED LIES AND THE CARNARVONS" BY WILLIAM CROSS



[i] Jeremiah Lynch (1849-1917) of Irish-American parentage. Traveller and adventurer in Egypt (1889). San Francisco stockbroker (Callaghan and Lynch) and later New York business man. Author of Egyptian Sketches (1890) and The Lady Isis in Bohemia (1914). In 1907 (only four years after meeting Lynch) Lord Carnarvon sponsored the excavation of the tombs in Deir el-Bahari (Thebes).

[ii] The San Francisco Call of 31 March 1903 lists the attendees as Miss Charlotte Russell, Miss Alice Hager, Miss Ethel Hager, Miss Linda Cadwalader, Miss King, Miss Helen Wagner, James D Phelan, Enrique Grau, Clement Tobin, Donald de V Graham, Dr Johnston and Richard McCreary

[iii] Lynch, Jeremiah  Egyptian Sketches  London:  Edward Arnold (1890).

[iv] Almina’s access to the millionaire Baron Alfred de Rothschild’s wealth base through her mother’s association with Alfred funded the years of digging in Egypt.

[v] Great San Francisco Earthquake and subsequent fires took place on 18 April 1906.

[vi] Lord Kitchener (1850-1916) was Consul General in Egypt, 1911-1914.

[vii]  Brian Fagan. “Lord and Pharaoh: Carnarvon and the Search for Tutankhamun”. Left Coast Press INC International Concepts. (2015).

Thursday, 1 June 2023

Lies, Damned Lies and the Carnarvons from William Cross, FSA Scot

 

Lies, Damned Lies and the Carnarvons

 


           A BOOK FROM WILLIAM CROSS, FSA SCOT

Among the lies flushed out is the chronology of the near fatal car accident in Germany that was deemed the reason Lord Carnarvon first went to Egypt, discredited here with the real influence given for the Earl taking up digging for Royal tombs.

 

The  funding for digging & many years work in the sand dunes at Luxor from the Countess Almina’s access to Alfred de Rothschild’s money rightly celebrates what Almina brought to the discovery, but why did Rothschild pay up when he was certainly NOT her father (as defiantly – but quite wrongly claimed by Highclere)?

 

The reality of the 20-year relationship between Lord Carnarvon and his devoted physician ‘Dr Johnny’ is revealed – the good doctor knew all about the family secrets. But in old age his  tongue was too loose for comfort that he was shipped off to a lunatic asylum. Other lies surround Lord Carnarvon’s alliance with Howard Carter. Were they an item?    

 

Not least is the mystery surrounding the circumstances of Carnarvon’s death in a hotel room in Cairo after a mosquito bite. Unconscious, dying, with the Great Sword of Damocles hanging over him until his wife Almina, the nurse, arrived with a bag full of morphine.

 

In the shadow of the  centenary of the great find  it demands that any incorrect  elements in the historical record are expunged.   Truth matters!

 

Endorsements:  Dr Nicholas Reeves (British Egyptologist)  : “ I have followed your new dating in my book  ‘The Complete Tutankhamun’, and also your remarks on Carnarvon's health.”

 

Dr Carola Vogel (German Egyptologist):   “Be assured, I will support your  investigations into the date of Lord Carnarvon’s motor car  accident in Germany  and try to convince my colleagues to change their minds!” 

 

Professor Brian Fagan  ( Author or "Lord and Pharaoh: Carnarvon and the Search for Tutankhamun" ( 2015). )  “ I hope that it is a success for you.”

 

COMMENTS FROM READERS : “The book is a real potpourri—not all of it fragrant—of well researched tittle-tattle and gossip, totally gripping…”  MK , Historian / Author, Monmouth
 
 “Mr. Cross has proven to be an author of excellent talent; who possesses a tenacious bent for investigating what has always been accepted as fact, with the intent of upturning those inaccuracies of history, with a passion for rooting out the truth.”  NR, Writer and Historian : California, USA

“An absolutely superb book, very enlightening, beautifully written.  Highly recommended……” J D W, Oldham Businesswoman

“I enjoyed reading the book immensely. I've also watched a few TV  programmes on King Tut and read a few newspaper articles and none of them have contradicted your book. ”  BB, St Albans, Author and Historian.

“I admire your thoroughness in rooting out error &  pleased  that Will Cross' voice in the wilderness is cutting through. PW, Cambridge, Writer & Academic.


ENQUIRIES

CONTACT WILL CROSS  by email williecross@aol.com





Saturday, 3 December 2022

Lies, Damned Lies and the Carnarvons: A Book Review By Michael Keyton

 


Lies, Damned Lies and the Carnarvons

By William Cross, FSA Scot

 A Book Review By Michael Keyton

I have, in the past, referred to Will Cross as a truffle hound, ferreting out the hidden or obscure in the archives, and here again, the footnotes prove an evocative joy. In this book, however, Will Cross is less the truffle hound with a yen for the occasional ferret, more the rottweiler. Lies, Damned Lies and the Carnarvons is a ruthless demolition job on what a family might prefer to remain hidden. And yes, to play Devil’s Advocate for the moment, families do have a right to keep their skeletons tightly locked up, but only as much right as the researcher has to winkle them out. 

 

The book starts off on what seem relatively trivial, but even these small things—such as the Earl of Carnarvon’s near fatal car accident on an obscure German road, is meticulously researched, along with what at first seems to be a meaningless untruth in the official accounts—ie that the incident occurred in 1901, that Carnarvon recuperated in Egypt, and there discovered a lifelong interest in tombs and archaeology. 

 

William Cross however proves beyond doubt that  the car accident occurred in 1909 and conjectures the motive behind the shuffling of dates. Lord Carnarvon was in Hamburg in the Summer of 1898 for specialised treatment. A misspent youth had seen him riddled with ‘syphilis of the face, neck and mouth..’ That and severe lung disease made it highly unlikely that his son and heir, the Sixth Earl of Carnarvon born in 1898 and his daughter, Lady Evelyn, conceived in 1900 were actually his, especially since his wife, Almina, denied ever having sexual relations with him, not even kissing his mouth. What better way to obfuscate and explain Carnarvon's ill health and sojourn in Egypt than to blame it on a motoring injury that wouldn't occur for another eight years. 

 

The book is a real potpourri—not all of it fragrant—of well researched tittle-tattle and gossip, totally gripping but too much to incorporate in a review.

 

I loved, for example the picture conjured up of the Earl and Countess at an archaeological dig

 

‘Even in the baking hot wilderness of the deserts of Egypt, Almina was like a beacon, radiating light.' One observer described her ‘dressed for a garden party . . . with charming patent leather shoes and a good deal of jewellery flashing in the sunlight.’ 

 

Neither deigned to do any digging. ‘They liked to watch, and sat under heavy canvas in the shade, protected from the sun and sandstorms, relaxing in idle comfort, reading and drinking mint tea. A native boy with a stick was on guard to deter snakes, with another to swat flies.’

 

Almina was an efficient and dutiful wife who found sexual relief where she could—even at the age of seventy with a heating engineer.  By then, her husband, the Earl of Carnarvon was long dead; a victim of an insect bite and the curse of King Tut—a popular theory of the time and one that conveniently glossed over the more likely cause—the sins of the flesh having caught up with him at last.

 

As ever, Almina proved the dutiful wife. When in the last stages of  his  illness,  she flew with an amenable doctor  in a small  plane to his sick bed and put him out of his misery. 

An experienced nurse after World War I who had long advocated euthanasia and was conversant with morphine, it is suggested and hinted at by those at the time that  she quietly and mercifully put her husband to sleep. 

 

Unlucky with her choice of husband, though she made the best of it, Almina was equally unlucky with her children. Her son-in-law took a profound dislike of her and made it difficult for Almina and her daughter Evelyn to meet. 

But the real rascal was her son, the new ‘Porchey’ and the future Sixth Earl who showed little love for his mother - possibly because she spent much of the money he hoped to inherit.

 

He was a bounder of the first order and ended up as the archetypal ‘dirty old man.’  Contracting mumps as a child, may or may not have made him sterile. His second wife the actress Tilly Losch strongly suggests he was, and rumours abound that his first wife, who he drove to alcoholism and a nervous breakdown,  provided him with an heir with the help of artificial insemination and perhaps a willing butler. It was, apparently, a common practise at the time, at least amongst those aristocrats desperate for an heir.

 

Sterile he may or may not have been, but an arrogant cad he was without doubt. One peeress was warned against spending a night at Highclere, the Earl’s castle, because of his propensity to appear stark naked from a wardrobe ‘brandishing his male member like a pirate’s cutlass.’ The peeress added that it was ‘exactly the same at Blenheim. Porchey Carnarvon and Bert Marlborough were alike, barrack room roughs, both together in the Hussars Regiment. They treated their women like their horses, and much worse.’

 

According to Michael Lewis, the Earl’s Chimney Sweep and one who knew the estate well, “His Lordship went around knocking and calling out at cottage doors – inside, the girls knew what he wanted and shuddered but conceded. Any refusal would have resulted in their family being thrown off the estate. . .It was horrible…The Earl was not a good man, he was vile."

 

He ended up as a rather sad nuisance, struck down by Parkinsons and housed in Edgecombe Nursing Home in Newbury where he continued to behave disgracefully to the end. 

 

Poor old Almina, meanwhile ended up in a terraced house in Bristol—a far cry from her glamorous youth and chatelaine of Highclere —where she died aged ninety in 1969, the year  of Woodstock and the breakup of the Beatles.

 LIES DAMNED LIES AND THE CARNARVONS

 FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE BOOK

 e-mail

 williecross@aol.com

 Available  on ebay and Amazon

 https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/204089212208

 https://www.amazon.co.uk/Lies-Damned-Carnarvons-William-Cross/dp/1905914776/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2T20VNCAXRNKH&keywords=LIES+DAMNED+LIES+AND+THE+CARNARVONS&qid=1663274777&sprefix=lies+damned+lies+and+the+carnarvons%2Caps%2C501&sr=8-1



 About Michael Keyton

Liverpool born and bred, Author of " The Gift" series, "Tales from the Murenger", "The Clay Cross Chronicles" and many others. 

https://www.amazon.com/Michael-Keyton/e/B016S5RBI4





Tuesday, 4 October 2022

Tutankhamun Centenary 2022 : Lady Almina Carnarvon's Game of Charades

 TUTANKHAMUN CENTENARY 2022

ALMINA COUNTESS OF CARNARVON  PLAYS  OUT  HER OWN  GAME OF CHARADES 

Almina, Countess of Carnarvon

In November-December 1922  whilst Howard Carter and  Lord George  Carnarvon were playing out their  choreographed games around the Old King Tut discovery  and then entering into  Tutankhamun’s tomb,  Almina, Carnarvon’s wife was missing from the centre stage at Luxor.  

Almina was playing out her own game of charades.                     

The woman who forked out  the money  for  the  14 years of digging through the generous  hand-outs  she secured  from  her sugar daddy,  Baron Alfred de Rothschild, was sorting out  how to add to her  bank balance.

The reason for  Almina’s absence  on  the first November 1922 trip by her husband  to Egypt  is crowded with surreptitious art deals and sneaky arrangements, the usual level of  Carnarvon lies that have confused history.  

Year on year, for 20 years, Lady Carnarvon had accompanied his Lordship  to Egypt.  Upon the epic discovery being made, and Howard Carter’s famous telegram, Almina  declined to go out to the scene of the great triumph.  This was because she had other bigger fish, much bigger fish to fry in the hotels  of Paris and in the English countryside, as far away as possible from the eyes and tongues of London spies.

One cute explanation given was that “being so often disappointed [on previous journeys to Luxor ] [Almina] decided  to  stay behind.”  [i] [ in England].

Colonel Ian Onslow Dennistoun and Almina, Countess of Carnarvon

Another reason, the true one,  is clear.  Almina was already  deeply involved  in a relationship with  Lt Colonel Ian Dennistoun, whom she later married a few months after  she   humanely hastened  Lord Carnarvon’s demise in the days she spent nursing him at the Continental Hotel,  Cairo from 26 March- 5 April 1923. 

 Almina  was seeing the Colonel and they were lovers. 

 This fact came out  in the High Court in 1925  during the  17 day sex scandal Dennistoun v  Dennistoun.  

 The Colonel – and his ex wife Dorothy may well   have had a cunning plan to deceive Almina,  but the Countess saw through any ploy.   She wanted the Colonel and  had him in her bed.   Moreover , he  was the fall guy, the  patsy. 

Almina’s plan was also  to money launder the proceeds of  her intended  art  sales through   Ian Dennistoun’s   barren bank  account. Ian was skint, he lived on a tiddly  army pension and hand outs from the  helpless  women he chased.

Baron Alfred de Rothschild

In the winter of  1922/3  the Countess was busy wheeling and dealing over the estate left to her by  Baron Alfred de Rothschild.  Alfred, a shrewd  collector of old Masters, Gainsboroughs,  French porcelain,  rare silver and the finest  jewels treated Almina well, he secured the title for her of Countess of Carnarvon, he funded the Carnarvons’ whims  for decades; but he had to as Almina’s mother Marie Wombwell  was aware and ready to disclose Alfred’s cloudy business  and shameful sex secrets to the world.

[i]  Sunday Times, 10 December, 1922.


READ MORE IN 

" LIES, DAMNED LIES AND THE CARNARVONS"

A NEW BOOK FROM

WILLIAM CROSS, FSA SCOT



Lies, Damned Lies And The Carnarvons


CONTACT WILL CROSS BY E-MAIL

williecross@aol.com

 


Tuesday, 6 September 2022

Lady Burghclere, Sister of Lord George Carnarvon of Tutankhamun Fame

 William Cross, FSA Scot considers  Winifred, Lady Burghclere, Sister of Lord George Carnarvon of Tutankhamun Fame 

Winifred Anne Henrietta Christiana Herbert (1864-1933), best known as Lady Burghclere was the bookish older sister of Lord George Carnarvon of Tutankhamun fame. To make certain her brother’s less noble life was relegated to the long grass Winifred quickly and smartly appointed herself his chief protector on earth when she stepped into the shoes of making herself his earliest biographer and champion. All comers thereafter writing anything of his Lordship’s unhealthy, chequered life and times have been muted and left in the shadow of Winifred’s elegantly drafted gloss- over.
In 1923, some months after Lord Carnarvon died  in Egypt in a famous death scene at the Continental Hotel Cairo, Lady Winifred ( by then a widow, with two husbands down) left her London home at Green Street, Park Lane to spend the autumn at the beautiful Lake House at Burghclere, this close proximity to the old family’s seat at Highclere Castle ensured exactly the right setting for literary inspiration and mendacity.
In the wake of Howard Carter and Arthur Mace publishing the first volume of their narrative on the discovery of Tutankhamun, Winifred had agreed to write an Introduction to the book about her beloved brother Lord Carnarvon. 

This long tirade secured a pre-emptive strike, a glamorous, orchestrated sketch before any one else could or  ever would effectively sum up his life. It's content has woven a damaged, flawed chronology as it had been used as gospel by a successive line of history vandals at Highclere Castle to suit their own ends.
It had been a difficult year since Winifred's accomplished half-brother the Hon. Aubrey Herbert, dubbed ‘ The Man Who Was Greenmantle’ died in a London nursing home on 16 September, 1923 aged 43. Aubrey had been an adventurer, soldier and politician, he was one of his sister- in-law, Almina's early crushes. Almina ( Carnarvon's wife) always preferred the gallant but caddish Aubrey to the creepy Lord Carnarvon, he [ Aubrey] had been her patient to nurse first hand at Highclere Castle ( when a military hospital) during the Great War. After a series of botched operations to improve his sight, Aubrey’s doctors missed a serious underlying health condition, he suffered a ruptured gall bladder and bled to death. Almina always said Aubrey was her lost love, she campaigned for him in Somerset to help him win a seat in Parliament.
Grieving for two siblings Winifred sought seclusion and quiet solitude, writing proved the restorative she needed.
As there was a good deal to hide from the public’s knowledge about Lord Carnarvon’s life, death, proclivities and foibles. Winifred ‘s tribute to him had to be manipulated. She records with great laffection, respect and dignity things she uniquely felt ought to be said but as the whole of the language used is floral and full of terminological inexactitudes its effect was to scorch the truth as seen by others. There were those who knew the real Carnarvon, a sad man tormented by demons who snarled, bullied and never smiled. One witness for the prosecution was a woman whom Winifred detested but who was eminently qualified to contradict her slick treatment on the subject of the Earl, when or if provoked. This onlooker was Almina Wombwell, Carnarvon’s lusty widow, who, although no angel, endured almost 30 years humiliation in a loveless, sham marriage to the 5th Earl of Carnarvon in a commercial deal brokered by the banker Baron Alfred de Rothschild.
Speaking of Lord Carnarvon Almina told her godson Tony Leadbetter that
 “ all his sisters knew him for being irksome ....he was always shouting at them. My dear husband was moody, he was hell to live with and put his own pleasures first” Almina added “ I was always afraid of him, and so was Howard Carter ”. Carter was less forthcoming in public about the man who as his patron with whom he was often badly treated and ridiculed. As a character who regularly recoiled and bit out at friends and foes he took his Lordship's ear bashings with few back comments.
Winifred Burghclere knew of this too and what family face was saved in her homage, she would not admit to having a wayward brother nor come clean on Almina’s marriage charade or Carter's snipes. 

Lady Burghclere was an experienced scribe, the author of a number of well received yet obscure biographies featuring the exploits of past English noblemen ( as above in her book on George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham) she set their histories in a overly romantic as well as the historic mould. As with in her tribute to Lord Carnarvon, Winifred’s aim was to make her writing convincing; one obituary writer observed that she had style, and “ had edge, but with no acerbity or malice”. 




“Biographical Sketch of the late Lord Carnarvon by Lady Burghclere"
first page of pages 31-72 of the book below:

"The tomb of Tut-ankh-Amen, discovered by the late Earl of Carnarvon and Howard Carter; by Howard Carter and A.C. Mace...." ( 1923)


This article is an update on a previous Blogger posting in 2016.

ANY QUERIES CONTACT THE AUTHOR OF THIS PIECE BY EMAIL


williecross@aol.com


The book " Lady Winifred Burghclere and her Troublesome Daughters", withheld from wider circulation is now available from the Author William Cross, FSA Scot





FURTHER READING

"Lies, Damned Lies and the Carnarvons" 

By William Cross, FSA Scot

A NEW BOOK

Published 1 September 2022

AVAILABLE DIRECT FROM THE AUTHOR

BY EMAIL CONTACT, BELOW




williecross@aol.com







Wednesday, 31 August 2022

New Book: Lies, Damned Lies and the Carnarvons of Highclere Castle

 



Lies, Damned Lies and the Carnarvons

Compiled by William Cross, FSA Scot

Published 1 September 2022

“Some books are lies frae end tae end”  Robert Burns


In this new offering  William Cross, FSA Scot  ( author of several  books on the Carnarvon family of Highclere Castle)  drills down to reveal the tissue of  lies, misrepresentations and bad history  in the timeline and narrative  in  the discovery of the Tomb of  Tutankhamun.

 

Among the lies flushed out  is the chronology of the  near fatal car accident in Germany that was deemed the reason Lord Carnarvon  first went to Egypt, discredited here with  the real influence given  for the Earl taking up digging for Royal tombs.

 

The funding for  many  years  work  in the sand dunes at Luxor from the Countess Almina’s access to  Alfred de  Rothschild’s money  rightly  celebrates what Almina brought to the discovery, but why did Rothschild pay up when he was certainly NOT her father ( as claimed by Highclere)?

 

The reality  of the 20- year  relationship  between Lord Carnarvon and his devoted physician ‘Dr Johnny’ is revealed – in  old age the  doctor’s tongue was too loose for comfort that  he  was shipped off to a lunatic asylum.

 

Other lies surround  Lord Carnarvon’s alliance with Howard Carter .  Were they an item?    

 

Not least is the mystery  surrounding the circumstances of Carnarvon’s  death in a hotel room in  Cairo after a mosquito bite.   Unconscious, dying, with the Great Sword of Damocles hanging over him until his wife Almina,  the nurse,  arrived with a bag full of morphine.

 

As the centenary  of the great find approaches  on 4 November 2022,  it demands  that  any  incorrect  elements  in the  historical record are  expunged.  

 

Truth  matters!


HOW TO GET THE BOOK

 

£10.00 ( INC P&P UK)   DIRECT FROM THE AUTHOR. PLEASE EMAIL     williecross@aol.com

 

He will then send you details of how to pay for the book by Bank Transfer

 

Amazon link :  https://amzn.to/3fJMj93

 

Ebay link : https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/204089212208

 

 

ISBN 10 1905914776  ISBN 13 9781905914777

Published by William P. Cross

Book Midden Publishing


CONTACT WILLIAM CROSS BY EMAIL FOR DETAILS

williecross@aol.com


Endorsements:  Dr Nicholas Reeves (British Egyptologist)  : “ I have followed your new dating in my book  ‘The Complete Tutankhamun’, and also your remarks on Carnarvon's health.”

 

Dr Carola Vogel (German Egyptologist):   “Be assured, I will support your  investigations into the date of Lord Carnarvon’s motor car  accident in Germany  and try to convince my colleagues to change their minds!” 

 

Professor Brian Fagan  ( Author or "Lord and Pharaoh: Carnarvon and the Search for Tutankhamun" ( 2015). )  “I hope that it is a success for you.” 


FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT THE AUTHOR WILLIAM CROSS BY EMAIL


williecross@aol.com